The term "massage" has French roots. It happened from the verb "masser". This word is translated as "rubbing". Descriptions of the techniques of massage were found in Egyptian papyri. This people borrowed this procedure from the ancient Greeks. It was they who started using massage to treat various diseases. Now this is one of the directions of manual therapy, which has the widest range of applications.

The most common massage is used in parallel withmethods of physiotherapy. Less often the procedure is performed by itself. For example, when massage is recommended for relaxation. Today this direction of manual therapy differs in various forms, which can be explained by fashion trends, as well as marketing success. However, massage is distinguished only by the manipulations performed. In addition, its therapeutic purpose and goals remain, as before, classical.

Application

Massage is recommended for the following purposes:

- for calming, anesthetizing, as well as relaxing the tissues of the musculoskeletal system;
- to reduce fatigue (psychological and physical), as well as to reduce muscle tension;
- to stimulate the musculoskeletal system;
- to improve lymph and blood circulation, as well as to increase metabolism in the body;
- to strengthen the function of the sebaceous and sweat glands;
- for the expansion of the vessels of the skin.

There are different types of classical massage. These include medical and sports, cosmetic and hygienic types of procedure. There is also a kind of self-massage.

Application area

Massage is prescribed to the patient as a medical and rehabilitation remedy for such problems:

- Various pathological processes occurring in the locomotor apparatus (hematomas, post-traumatic puffiness, periarticular and muscular pains, lumbago, etc.);
- an uneventful type of rheumatic diseases of the motor system;
- vascular pathologies (varicose, lymphadem, trophic ulcers);
- diseases of the nervous system (stress, overwork, insomnia, paralysis);
- diseases of the respiratory system (asthma, chronic bronchitis, etc.);
- pathology of the digestive tract (constipation, flatulence, spasms in the intestine).

Massage can be used for cosmetic purposesto eliminate cellulite and lymphatic edema. It is used for fluid retention in tissues, strengthening muscle tone and skin tone, and also for overweight.

Basic techniques

The technique of massage includes such movements asrubbing, stroking and kneading. In addition, vibration and shock techniques are used. During the procedure, passive movements also take place.

The massage technique, like everything in today's world, is notstands still. There are new methods and types of this direction of manual therapy. However, the basis of all the newly emerging massage techniques are the movements described above. Having mastered them, it is quite easy to learn any new techniques.

Stroking

With this movement, any massage begins. When performing this method, the palm of the masseur must move freely over the patient's skin. This produces a low-intensity pressure.

The technique of massage involves the application of thismovement not only at the beginning of the procedure, but also at the end. Perform stroking and between other manipulations (rubbing, vibration, etc.). The direction in which the hand of the masseur moves, should be in the direction of closely located lymph nodes. This method takes from five to ten percent of the entire session time. The main purpose of this movement is to warm up the skin and subcutaneous structures for their preparation for deeper effects.

Slow and soft reception allowscalm the nervous system. This reduces pain symptoms, which is especially important in trauma, as well as pathologies of the neuromuscular system. Stroking allows you to speed up the flow of lymph, as it is directed towards the large nodes of this system. Reception can have a significant effect on the skin. During stroking, dead cells of the epidermis, microbes and dust are removed. This activates the work of the sebaceous and sweat glands. Improves breathing of the skin, its nutrition, as well as blood circulation.

Trituration

This is the second technique, which involves technologymassage. He follows the stroking. Rubbing is performed with the knuckles of the fingers, palm, its edge or with the thumbs. During this procedure, considerable pressure should be applied to the patient's skin. The goal, pursued by triturating, is exposure to deep layers of skin.

Options for this method existgreat variety. The rubbing can be deep and shallow, spiraling and spitzlike, as well as with the pressure exerted by two hands, and comb-like.

The technique of classical massage uses thisreception for stretching and shifting tissues in different directions. When rubbing the patient, the hands of a specialist do not slip over the skin. They must shift it and shift it. For this technique, the technique of classical massage is given thirty to forty percent of the time of the entire session.

Stretching and shifting of tissues contributes toexpansion of blood vessels, which is a prerequisite for increased blood circulation. As a rule, the temperature of the skin covers the patient by one to two degrees. Tissues receive more oxygen and nutrients, and also get rid of various slags faster.

Classic therapeutic massage includes grindingas an opportunity for faster resorption of pathological deposits, as well as scarring and accumulated fluid in the tissues. Vigorous movements can significantly improve muscle tone.

Rubbing is the main method duringmassage of the joints. This procedure is especially useful after trauma. It allows you to increase the mobility of the joint. When rubbing, the excitability of the nervous system decreases. In addition, this method allows you to significantly reduce pain in neuralgia and neuritis. In this case, the specialist must perform deep rubbing along the nerve trunks.

Kneading

The technique of massage provides morestrong in comparison with previous movements influence on the muscles and tissues of the patient's body. This becomes possible during the kneading, which follows the grinding.
It is this technique that provides technologytherapeutic massage in case of manipulation in the collar zone. It is also effective in the area of ​​the limbs and back. Kneading can be called the main movement in the performance of sports and therapeutic massages.

The main task of this manipulation isgrasping and kneading the hands of those layers of tissue and muscles that are very deep. This will improve lymph drainage and drainage of blood from the veins. Also increases the mobility of the tissues and muscles during the massage.

The technique of performing kneading is very complicated. It is impossible for her to learn remotely. The fact that the masseur needs to determine the condition in which the muscle fibers are located, by touching the skin of the patient with fingertips. Only in the case when a person has mastered the technique of this technique, he is able to make a classical massage. But remember that a video will never be able to convey the knowledge that an experienced expert has.

Classic massage for kneading is givenalmost sixty percent of the time of the entire session. In its effect, this technique is often compared with passive gymnastics and its use is recommended to eliminate the atrophy of the musculature of the skeleton.

During kneading in the tendons, muscles andArticular receptors are excited receptors, which positively affects the work of the nervous system. The nature of these transformations directly depends on the strength, pace, and duration of the massage procedure.

Shock Techniques

They are the last in the main phase of the massage. The execution of percussion techniques is performed by tapping, shaking and tapping with fingers and hands of a specialist in the patient's body. Rhythmic strokes contribute to an increase in venous pressure and a decrease in the microcirculation of venous blood. If the reception is carried out with the help of rapid and vigorous strikes, the nervous system is toned down, the analgesic effect becomes noticeable. Shock massage techniques are used as a distraction tactic. They allow you to eliminate pain when treating a neighboring area with a painful patch.

With the help of shock techniques, the effect on the internal organs also takes place. For example, pokolachivanie chest allows you to lower your blood pressure and heart rate.

Massage of the spine

The usual phenomenon in the modern world is painin back. One of the methods to solve this problem is massage. And it's not surprising that people who have a backache often turn to a specialist for health sessions. It is worth saying that there is no such procedure as therapeutic massage of the spine. The specialist works on the muscles in the back area. However, it does not affect the spine.

During the wellness massageback specialist works on ligaments and soft tissues. The movements of the hands allow a lot of positive processes to be launched in the patient's body. For a person who has a backache, the main thing is to relax the muscles and activate blood circulation. This process allows you to get one more result. It is the activation of blood circulation in intervertebral discs. Also, a process is started to restore cartilaginous tissues. Muscles during the procedure are relaxed, vertebrae are easier to get into place. That is why a back massage can eliminate the jamming of the nerve endings of the spinal cord and eliminate the main source of pain in the back.

Massage with osteochondrosis

This pathology is diagnosed in patients of different ages. Its main cause is deformation of intervertebral discs.

Therapeutic massage with osteochondrosis is able to helpat the first signs of the disease. And not surprisingly. Pathology contributes to the appearance of muscle spasm, and soft movements that produce the hands of a specialist, are able to relax tense tissues and release the pinched nerves.

The greatest effect will be obtained by sessionsclassical manual massage, which will be conducted with the participation of an experienced specialist with a medical background. Such manipulations will remove or reduce pain, strengthen muscles and prevent a relapse of pathology. In the case of an exacerbation of osteochondrosis, the specialist will act on the painless areas of the body, which are connected with the pathology region reflexively.

What is the technique of such a massage? It involves the use of techniques such as stroking and squeezing, kneading and shaking, rubbing, passive and active movements with the applied resistance, as well as shaking and striking. If there is an exacerbation of the disease, the effect on the pathological area changes from session to session. At the beginning of the course less active movements are used. Then the degree of their strength is gradually increasing. The masseur in this case should be guided by the patient's condition.

Currently, with osteochondrosis is popularacupressure. During such a procedure, the special zones located on the patient's body are affected. These are points that have a reflex connection with certain nerves, blood vessels and muscles. Helps with osteochondrosis and electromassage.

Carrying out of children's massage

This procedure is useful for toddlers, agewhich ranges from two to three months to a year. Children's massage is a useful procedure. It helps the child develop emotionally, physically, and mentally.

Children can massage their parentsindependently or take a child to the sessions for a professional specialist. The procedure is carried out from two to three months of age. It is necessary to observe some conditions of massage. So, you can carry out manipulations only one hour after a meal or thirty minutes before a meal. Such procedures are undesirable before going to bed. Massage can be done to babies either every day or every other day. In this case, it is not recommended to use the cream. This tool is only for adults.

Children's massage is performed at a constantcontrol of the child's reaction. The kid does not have to cry and get irritated. Otherwise, it is worthwhile to stop manipulation. The main methods during the child's massage are stroking and rubbing, kneading, and vibration. Movements should be gentle and soft. Especially neatly perform kneading and vibration. It is recommended to hold a massage session for five to seven minutes.

Massage of the heart

This procedure has to be done in the provision of first aid to a person in trouble. Knowing how the technique of heart massage is characterized, you can save the victim from death.

What is the main principle of this manipulation? The person who has lost consciousness is in a relaxed state. It is this property of muscle tissue that is used in massage. In such a situation, it becomes possible to produce a displacement of the bones of the chest in such a way that the heart contracts between the spine and the breastbone. This is necessary to push blood from the heart muscle. After that, the important organ is straightened out. In it automatically from the vessels another portion of blood gets. When the manipulation is repeated, the heart rhythm is maintained. It is stimulated to work and starts to beat independently.

Heart massage is accompanied by artificialbreathing. Pressing movements should be applied to the lower part of the sternum, so as not to injure the ribs. The time of one pressing is 1 second. This will allow blood to move to the heart. After pushing the hand should be left on the sternum for half a second, and only after that remove them. The effectiveness of the massage becomes apparent when the victim has a pulse during pressure. In this case, the cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes should decrease, the pupils contract, and then independent breathing develops.

Massage training

Carrying out of therapeutic and relaxing manipulationsnecessary for all. In the absence of contraindications, massage is needed for children, adults, and elderly people. Especially in need of it the inhabitants of large cities. Massage will allow them to maintain good health and will prevent various ailments. The implementation of this procedure will effectively combat stress and give beauty.

A good specialist in massage is always in demand. He is the best assistant physiotherapists, rehabilitators, orthopedists and sports trainers.

How to master this technique? You need to go through medical massage courses. The curricula are accessible for understanding. They can be mastered even by those who do not have medical education. The massage courses introduce students to the basics and techniques of the classical direction of manual therapy. Often, here you can also master other manipulations. This is hygienic and anti-cellulite massage of various kinds. Students are actively involved in the process. At the same time, all people who have taken massage courses can consolidate their knowledge during practical classes. As a rule, someone who wants a career as a masseur desires to get training, and seeks to master the basic techniques for carrying out procedures to his relatives.

Worth saying that any specialpreparation for classes in these courses is not required. By the end of their studies, almost everyone is beginning to confidently master the key techniques of this area of ​​manual therapy.